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Leading Causes of Hospitalization
Overall
By Sex
By Age Group
Overall The leading causes of hospitalizations used in this page are based on the chapters found in International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) and the International Shortlist for Hospital Morbidity Tabulation (ISHMT) adopted by the World Health Organization (WHO) 1 with modifications discussed and approved by the Leading Cause Group subcommittee of the Core Indicators Working Group, Association of Public Health Epidemiologist in Ontario (APHEO). Hospitalizations are counted at patient discharge as recorded in the Hospital Discharge Abstract Database (DAD). Causes are based on the most responsible diagnosis (diagnosis associated with the longest duration of treatment) during a given hospital stay. Mental Disorders (ICD-10 Chapter 5) are excluded because of changes in the way these data are reported by hospitals. Hospital stays due to pregnancy and birth (ICD-10 Chapter 15) were also excluded, because these do not represent burden of illness and are captured in the birth outcomes statistics (see Pregnancy and Before). Factors influencing health status & contact with health services (ICD-10 Chapter 21) and provisional codes for research and temporary assignment (ICD-10 Chapter 23) were also excluded as they do not represent diseases or conditions. Over the eight years between 2003 and 2010, there were more than one-quarter of a million (274,817) hospitalizations among residents of Simcoe Muskoka. The number one cause of hospitalization, by ICD-10-CA chapter, in Simcoe Muskoka during this time period were diseases of the circulatory system, which accounted for 19 per cent of all hospital stays. The other leading causes of hospitalizations, by ICD-10-CA chapter, in Simcoe Muskoka during this time period were: diseases of digestive system (14%), injury & poisoning (11%), diseases of respiratory system (11%) and neoplasms (9%). The leading causes of hospitalizations for Ontario as a whole over this same time period were quite similar to what was observed in Simcoe Muskoka as depicted in figure one below. Figure One 
When looking at the ISHMT causes 1 of hospitalization in Simcoe Muskoka between 2003 and 2010 (combined), COPD was the leading cause at 4 per cent of all hospitalizations. Other leading causes were: acute myocardial infarction (heart attack), pneumonia, heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias and cerebrovascular diseases each accounting for approximately 3 per cent of all hospitalizations (see figure two). Figure Two 
By Sex In Simcoe Muskoka between 2003 and 2010, the leading cause of hospitalization, by ICD-10 chapter, for both males and females were diseases of circulatory system. However, the proportion of hospitalizations for diseases of circulatory system was higher for males (22 per cent) when compared with females (16 per cent). Diseases of digestive system, diseases of respiratory system, injuries & poisoning, and neoplasms were other leading causes of hospitalizations for both sexes. Hospitalizations for diseases of genitourinary system (e.g. kidney, bladder, internal reproductive organs and external genitalia) were nearly twice as high for females (10 per cent) than for males (6 per cent) during this time period. Figure three compares the leading causes of hospitalization, by ICD-10 chapter, for males and females in Simcoe Muskoka between 2003 and 2010 (combined). Figure Three 
The leading causes of hospitalizations, according to the ISHMT groupings 1, for males in Simcoe Muskoka between 2003 and 2010 (combined) were heart attack and COPD, each of which accounted for 4 per cent of all hospitalizations. Pneumonia, heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias and cerebrovascular diseases were also among the leading causes of hospitalizations for Simcoe Muskoka males. The leading cause 1 of hospitalizations among Simcoe Musoka females during this time period was COPD, which accounted for 4 per cent of all hospital stays. Pneumonia, fracture of femur, arthrosis of the knee and heart failure were also among the leading causes of hospitalizations for females during this time period. Figure four depicts the leading causes 1 of hospitalizations for both males and females. Figure Four
By Age Group In Simcoe Muskoka between 2003 and 2010, the leading causes of hospitalization, by ICD-10 chapter, among infants less than one year were: perinatal conditions, diseases of respiratory system and congenital anomalies, which accounted for more than two-thirds of all hospitalizations. During the same time period, among children one to nine years of age, diseases of the respiratory system were the leading cause of hospitalization. The most common forms of respiratory illness among children one to nine years were: pneumonia, asthma and chronic infection of tonsils or adenoids. Injuries & poisonings was the leading cause of hospitalization among youth and adolescents (between 10 and 19 years of age) in Simcoe Muskoka, accounting for nearly one-quarter of all hospitalizations between 2003 and 2010. During this same time period among younger adults (between 20 and 44 years) diseases of the digestive system and injuries & poisonings were the leading causes of hospitalizations. Diseases of the circulatory system were the leading cause of hospitalization for older adults and seniors during this time period. Table one below provides age-specific leading causes of hospitalization using both ICD-10 chapters and ISHMT groupings 1 for Simcoe Muskoka between 2003 and 2010. Table One 
References 1. Source: International Shortlist for Hospital Morbidity Tabulation, Eurostat, OECD, & WHO, November 2008. [cited 2010 December 13]. Available from: http://apps.who.int/classifications/apps/icd/implementation/hospitaldischarge.htm
Page Last Modified: Friday, 16 March 2012.
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